Powered by AI · No Cameras Required

Intelligent Road
Defect Detection
at Scale

Smart Pothole Detection automatically identifies and confirms road defects using crowdsourced smartphone sensors, AI-powered spatial analysis, and a multi-signal ML confidence engine — deployed entirely on the cloud.

30min Detection Cycle
0 Cameras Needed
£1.6bn UK Annual Repair Cost
100% Cloud Native
Scroll to explore

Road defects cost billions.
Current solutions don't scale.

Expensive Surveys

Laser profilometers and LiDAR survey vehicles provide high accuracy but cost tens of thousands per survey run — covering only a fraction of road networks.

High False-Positive Rates

Simple threshold-based smartphone apps flag every speed bump, rail crossing, and rough patch as a pothole — producing noisy, unreliable datasets unusable for planning.

Manual Reporting Bias

Citizen report platforms like FixMyStreet rely on subjective human reports, creating geographic bias toward digitally active areas and leaving rural roads unmapped.

No Labelled Training Data

Deep learning approaches require large annotated datasets of GPS-tagged, field-verified pothole locations — a substantial collection effort that limits practical deployment.

Four layers. Fully automated.
End to end.

01

Collect

The Smart Pothole Detection mobile app samples accelerometer and gyroscope at 10 Hz and GPS at 1 Hz. Readings are batched and sent to the cloud every 3 seconds from any number of participating devices.

React Native Expo iOS & Android
02

Ingest & Enrich

A cloud ingestion service validates every reading and computes AI-derived features from the raw sensor data before streaming to our data lake — enriching each reading for downstream ML analysis.

FastAPI Cloud Run BigQuery
03

Analyse with AI

Every 30 minutes, a batch ML job applies AI-powered spatial clustering to GPS coordinates, then scores each cluster using a multi-signal confidence engine — automatically distinguishing genuine potholes from speed bumps and road noise.

AI Clustering ML Pipeline Spatial Analysis
04

Deliver

Confirmed potholes are served via a REST API to an interactive Leaflet dashboard, with severity-coded markers, proximity search, and status tracking. Weekly PDF and CSV reports are emailed automatically to stakeholders.

REST API Leaflet Dashboard Automated Reports

Advanced AI and ML that
makes it work.

02

Adaptive ML Clustering

Our ML engine groups GPS readings by geographic proximity, intelligently adapting to the density of any road network — whether a busy city junction or a quiet rural lane. Both are detected accurately without manual configuration.

Traditional methods Fixed parameters, miss sparse areas
SmartPothole AI ✓ Adapts to any density
03

Smart Impact Classification

AI and ML are used to distinguish genuine potholes from speed bumps, rail crossings, and road noise — with no labelled training data required. The system learns the difference from the physical characteristics of each impact pattern.

Normal road
Low risk
Speed bump
Filtered out
Pothole
Confirmed
04

Multi-Signal AI Confidence Scoring

Every pothole candidate is evaluated by multiple independent AI signals. A composite ML confidence score determines whether a candidate is confirmed — filtering out false positives while ensuring genuine defects are never missed.

Report Density
25%
Impact Magnitude
25%
Impact Pattern AI
20%
Impact Sharpness
15%
Motion Analysis
10%
Source Diversity
5%

Everything you need to monitor
road conditions at scale.

Mobile Crowdsourcing

iOS and Android app collects sensor data passively. Any device can contribute — the more drivers, the better the coverage.

Interactive Dashboard

Leaflet map with severity-coded markers, cluster overlays, proximity search, and real-time auto-refresh every 60 seconds.

REST API

Authenticated API with GeoJSON export, spatial queries, and status lifecycle management. Integrate with any GIS or asset system.

Automated Reports

Weekly PDF and CSV reports emailed automatically to stakeholders every Monday. On-demand generation via API.

Spatial Deduplication

AI-powered spatial matching merges multiple reports of the same defect into a single, progressively enriched record — eliminating duplicates automatically.

No Labelled Data Required

Physics-informed signal engineering means the system deploys immediately in any city with zero historical training data.

Cloud Native on GCP

Serverless Cloud Run, BigQuery streaming, Cloud Scheduler, and Terraform IaC. Scales from a single-city pilot to a national deployment.

Severity Classification

Confirmed potholes are automatically classified as HIGH, MEDIUM, or LOW severity based on peak impact readings, enabling prioritised maintenance scheduling.

A dashboard built for
infrastructure teams.

smartpothole.xenovaa.com/dashboard
64Total Detected
12High Severity
0.84Avg Confidence
8Repaired
Gloucester City Centre

Built for the people who
maintain our roads.

Local Authorities & Councils

Replace expensive survey vehicles and citizen hotlines with a continuous, AI-driven monitoring pipeline. Receive weekly reports and real-time alerts for newly detected high-severity defects. Prioritise repair schedules by severity and report count.

  • Automated defect prioritisation
  • Weekly PDF reports to councillors
  • GeoJSON export for GIS integration
  • Repair status lifecycle tracking

Highways Agencies

Monitor large road networks continuously without deploying specialised vehicles. AI and ML are used to handle everything from busy motorways to quiet rural B-roads automatically, scaling to any network size.

  • National-scale coverage
  • Rural and urban network support
  • REST API for asset management integration
  • Historical trend analysis

Road Safety Organisations

Access an evidence base of road defect locations, severities, and persistence data to support road safety campaigns, insurance claims, and advocacy for infrastructure investment in high-risk areas.

  • Severity-graded defect records
  • Time-stamped detection history
  • GeoJSON for spatial analysis
  • Exportable datasets for research

Enterprise-grade. Fully managed.
Terraform automated.

☁️

Cloud Run

Serverless containers. Auto-scales from 0 to 10 instances. Zero cold-start cost when idle.

📊

BigQuery

Day-partitioned sensor data lake. Sub-second streaming inserts. Scales to billions of readings.

🗄️

PostgreSQL + PostGIS

Spatial database for confirmed potholes. ST_DWithin deduplication. Private VPC access.

🔒

Secret Manager

All credentials stored in GCP Secret Manager. Injected at runtime. Never in environment files.

⚙️

Terraform IaC

Entire infrastructure defined in code. Reproducible deployments from pilot to national scale.

🔄

Cloud Scheduler

ML job triggered every 30 minutes. Weekly report delivery every Monday at 08:00 UTC.

Building the intelligence layer for smart infrastructure.

Xenova Systems Limited is a technology company specialising in AI-powered infrastructure monitoring solutions. Smart Pothole Detection is our flagship product — a cloud-native platform that brings machine learning and crowdsourced sensing to one of the most persistent infrastructure challenges facing local authorities worldwide.

Our approach is grounded in physics-informed signal engineering: rather than relying on expensive labelled datasets or black-box deep learning, we build systems where every algorithm decision is explainable, every threshold is calibrated to physical reality, and every deployment is reproducible through infrastructure-as-code.

Transparent, explainable AI
No specialised hardware lock-in
Open research methodology
Reproducible, scalable deployments
Peer-Reviewed Research

Smart Pothole Detection Without Cameras

A Cloud-Native Crowdsourced System Using OPTICS Clustering and Multi-Signal Confidence Scoring

San Fernando · 2026 Published on Zenodo
Read the Paper →

Ready to transform your
road monitoring?

Get in touch with the Xenova Systems team to discuss a pilot deployment, API access, or a custom integration for your road network.

Xenova Systems Limited · United Kingdom
Message sent! We'll be in touch within 5 business days.